Pharmacy History Germany
Pharmacies X Germany X Pharmacy X History
Modern depiction of a medieval apothecary, Archeon
Pharmacy (presentation of 1508)
The Moors Pharmacy in Bayreuth
The forerunner of the pharmacies were in the 8th and 9 Century spice trader based in the Middle East.
The first “Pharmacies” in Germany were of merchants who drove with herbs and spices trade, as a kind of run grocery store.
Around 1241 was adopted by the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick II, the “Edict of Salerno” (also called “Constitutions” or Medizinalordnung): the first legally fixed separation of the professions of doctor and pharmacist. Doctors could not own pharmacy or be involved. Drug prices have been enshrined in law in order to prevent price gouging. The Edict of Salerno was modeled on pharmacy laws in Europe.
Following the enactment of the developed urban pharmacies Medizinalordnung orders, which set that pharmacies may not be based solely on the sale of drugs.
During the 14th Century are changing the pharmacists from street vendors to wealthy patrician, who not only sells herbs, spices and drugs, but also produces own medicines in the dispensary (Latin officina). From this period dates the oldest still-existing pharmacy in Europe: 1241 in Trier, was opened a pharmacy, which still exists today. Later shifted to the production of drugs from the dispensary in the recipe, but still (to be professionals in the showroom), the workrooms of a pharmacy or (deprecated) even called the pharmacy dispensary.
Pharmacies X Germany X Pharmacy X History
Since the economic viability of pharmacies that time also depends on diseases and epidemics, was in some places there were supply problems, if no such long period of time occurred. To prevent this, were in the 15th Century, for example built in Lower Austria by the so-called Country Estates Landscape pharmacies.
In the 17th and 18 Century, German chemists developed from the place of manufacture of medicines due to the knowledge of chemistry and a place of drug discovery. Especially in Berlin, Thuringia and Saxony focused pharmaceutical and chemical research and teaching in Germany.
Pharmacy sales in 1900
Through the achievements of the pharmaceutical industry at the end of the 19 starts and early 20 Century, a shift of the German pharmacy. Rather than produce medicines themselves increasingly engaged in the pharmacy, to consider the quality and identity of drugs and advice about drugs.
In 1958, following a decision by the Federal Constitutional Court (see Case pharmacies) the freedom introduced since then so may open each pharmacist a pharmacy on site of their choice, regardless of need. Because of drug price regulation which set uniform prices of drugs so far for all of Germany’s competition took place not on price but also partly by the granting of so-called gifts, but especially on the expertise of the pharmaceutical consulting, delivery, service, friendliness, special or additional services (drug-delivery service for customers who can not themselves come to the pharmacy, increased range of expertise in specific areas, etc.). Recently, the pharmaceutical price regulation is more flexible, it is feared that this increased competition will take place over the price and charged to the pharmaceutical quality, as competent advice is time consuming and labor-intensive and are also making only with highly qualified personnel is, in turn, to higher operating results as a mere sale.
Mobile dispensary in the town of Pomßen, 1988
In the Soviet occupied zone, the German Economic Commission (DWK) had on 22 June 1949, the expropriation of the pharmacies and thus all rights to have been declared extinct. Owners who themselves were pharmacists, but given the right to operate as a “privately owned pharmacies to continue” may, if the service charges were paid. By the owners or heirs leased pharmacies “state pharmacies, the owners have received compensation as a share of the proceeds of the” holding charges “. Only in 1954 precise amounts of compensation was determined and accounted for 30 to 50% of the average annual turnover, net of possible exposure amounts to pharmacies. The payment was made centrally planned economy after five years. Newly established pharmacies in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) were basically “country pharmacies” that have been leased or managed as a hospital pharmacy. The number of “Private pharmacies” in 1956 amounted to around 298 by 1533 pharmacies (= 19.4%) and the number decreased steadily until it just “state pharmacies or pharmacy gave clinics. Due to the poor economic opportunities, many fully trained pharmacists emigrated in 1951 to the West, so that the state leadership was forced to adopt the Soviet model called pharmaceutical engineers as the mean medical personnel with training in vocational schools, for example, the then Pharmacy school Leipzig.
Modernized Pharmacy in Berlin-Lichtenberg, 1991
In the 21 Century, the pharmacy in many transformed into a modern and profitable company. In Germany, approximately 21,500 pharmacies to provide uninterrupted, 365 days a year, the population with drugs. In customer satisfaction surveys, the German pharmacies situated in typically top positions.
Pharmacies X Germany X Pharmacy X History
