Peter Gallacher asked:

got questions about child vaccinations? well in this interview we invited Claire Powell who is a nurse specialist with the Health Protection Team in North Wales, UK to answer some of your questions surrounding child vaccines.

Do babies need to be vaccinated?

We all get a little complacent, we don’t see certain conditions anymore, [we think] my child will be fine. Without vaccinations we’d go back to the days when children under five would die. These vaccines get rid of these diseases.

How do we ensure our children get their vaccinations?

The health visitor will visit between day 10 and 14 and at that visit the health visitor will give the parent a book about vaccinations. There’s a database that all children are registered on and automatically they’ll be sent appointments through the post about their vaccines.

We hear a lot about MMR but what is it?

There’s been a lot written about it. The thing to remember is that the vaccine is a weakened version of the live Measles, Mumps and Rubella viruses. MMR protects against all of them. Measles is a very infectious virus. The complications of measles affect one in every 15 children which is quite a high number. In serious cases measles can be a killer.

Mumps is caused by a virus and it can lead to fever, headache and swollen glands…before this vaccine, this was one of the biggest causes of viral meningitis.

Rubella, sometimes known as German Measles is caused by a virus, it’s normally a mild condition but one of the most serious complications can be in unborn babies. If a lady was pregnant in the first few months and she came into contact with a child who had Rubella it could have serious complications for her unborn child.

And what about the links with autism?

The speculation started some time ago in 1998. Some scientists published a paper on 12 children who had autism but they also had bowel problems. Although scientists stated clearly in their paper that there was no proven link between the MMR and autism the resulting publicity unfortunately gave the impression that there was a link.

The number of children being diagnosed with autism has increased and one of the reasons is we’re getting better at diagnosing the condition but some people took this as meaning that the increase was because of the MMR vaccine.

Many parents of autistic children know that there is something wrong with their child very early on and some babies may appear to develop signs of autism when they’re older and this kind of autism is actually called regressive autism and was known about long before the MMR vaccine was introduced.

Unfortunately the vaccine is given at around about the time that children are communicating more….. they’re pointing, they have a few words… it’s at this time that autistic spectrum disorder is picked up which is the time the MMR vaccine is given.

There’s been a lot written about this and I just want to say I’m a Mum myself and there is no link between autism and the MMR vaccine and there’ve been many, many studies done, not just in this country but in Finland, the United States and other parts of Europe. Every time these big, big studies with experts, people who do this all the time, have come back they say there’s no scientific link.

If there was any doubt that these vaccines were going to cause any harm to children they would be removed, they would not be licenced. At the end of the day we’re all in this job to protect children. We’re doing this to prevent the diseases.

Why can’t we give single vaccines?

All evidence shows that the vaccine is safe. The reason we don’t promote the single vaccines is that it’s the time gaps between the three vaccines that would leave children exposed to disease so there would be an increase in Measles, Mumps and Rubella leading to illness and possibly death.

At the moment we have the combined vaccine. It’s also important to recognise that this is a two dose programme. The second MMR is given between three and a half and five years. That’s not a booster, the second dose is to ensure maximum uptake. If you’re thinking of giving it separately… it would mean a total of six separate injections. Parents lives are busy….we already have problems with some parents making sure their children have completed the course. Our concern is that it’s not a good strategy to get children protected. It has been looked at but it wasn’t a good option.

Can a babies immune system be overloaded with this 3-in-1 injection?

If you think about a baby being born, it’s quite a traumatic thing. If you imagine the baby coming down the birth canal, they’re exposed to thousands and millions of viruses and bacterias so if they didn’t have a good immune system they wouldn’t cope with that at all. All our babies are born with a really good immune system…so a baby already is born with some antibodies. If they come in contact with a virus or a bug…children are vulnerable. If you think about giving all these vaccines…the body is more than capable of coping. The MMR vaccine is three live viruses that have been weakened…once the vaccine is given the body has no problem with coping with it. It’s a myth that we can overload the system.

Are there any side effects?

There are some mild side effects. Within about 10 days the Measles component of the vaccine starts to produce an immune response and at that time a child may have a high temperature, a fever, they also may develop a Measle type rash. That doesn’t mean the child has Measles and it doesn’t mean the child is infectious but it’s just the way the vaccine works. Then the Rubella component starts to take effect so really throughout this phase the child may have a high fever because it’s the way the immune system is responding to the vaccine. By about three weeks after, some children may develop some swelling in the neck and again that is a symptom of Mumps but it’s not infectious.

David Cummings asked:

Are vaccines still necessary? Are they harmful? It is difficult to make an informed decision about vaccinating your child with all the myths surrounding vaccines and they recent media claims regarding them.

Myth 1 – These Diseases Are Gone So We Don’t Need Vaccines

Many parents who have chosen not to vaccinate their children do so under the belief that the diseases that the vaccines protect against are no longer a threat. Since we typically no longer see the effects of devastating diseases such as polio it seems like these diseases no longer exist. These diseases do still exist. While they may be almost gone in developed countries, all it takes is one plane ride to expose someone to a potentially deadly threat. As the numbers of people who choose not to vaccinate their children rises, so will the threat that these diseases will return. Recent mumps outbreaks in young adults are an indication that these diseases are still around.

Myth 2 – The Side Effects Are Too Dangerous

Can vaccines cause side effects? Yes, they can. Some children can be allergic to something in the vaccine, and others will have a neurological response to the vaccine and perhaps experience a seizure. So there is a risk when you give your child a vaccine, but these types of reactions are very rare. After receiving a vaccine, most children typically experience a low grade fever.

The most controversial potential side effect of immunizations is autism. Some parents claim that their children developed autism after receiving a vaccine. There have not yet been any definitive scientific studies which indicate that vaccines are the root cause of autism for most children, even though the symptoms seem too appear in a similar time as the vaccines. Autism can still develop in children who have never been vaccinated, indicating there are other underlying causes for this disease. In very rare cases, a severe neurological reaction to a vaccine can cause a child to develop a permanent condition such as autism, but vaccines cannot be linked definitively to most autism cases. The risk of a child getting one of the diseases the vaccines protect against is far higher than the risk of the child developing autism as a result of the vaccine.

Myth 3 – Breastfeeding Means My Child Doesn’t Need Vaccines

There is no doubt that breastfeeding provides your baby with important immunities. However, there are some antibodies that are not passed on through ****** milk, including serious conditions like polio and diphtheria. Also, the antibodies do not last once your baby is weaned, but the immunity that a vaccine provides is lifelong.

In reality, all vaccines do carry some risks. It is impossible to know for sure you baby will not have a reaction to any vaccine in much the same manner you do not know if your child will have a reaction to the foods you introduce to her. The danger of the diseases that vaccines protect against is very high, however, so you as a parent must weigh that danger against the risk of the vaccine and make a decision for yourself.