Posted by: admin  :  Category: Health
pharmacy schools
Tom Aaron asked:


Some Americans in Japan avoid going to a doctor if they have a cold. Japanese eyes may grow larger as they remark on this to other Japanese and ask other Americans why not. My reply, that you need seven days to get well if you take cold medicine and a week if you do not, meets with blank looks.

 

When I first started going to the doctor’s in Japan, visiting a doctor and getting medicine for a cold was substantially cheaper than going to a pharmacy and buying over the counter cold medicine that was much weaker. You would see your doctor and the receptionists, who also may act as nurses, would give you your medicine. After some years, due to a government push to reduce medicine sales by having medications purchased at pharmacies, not from doctor’s offices, pharmacies sprang up like mushrooms next to doctor’s offices. Prices seemed to me to have increased. Now, going to a pharmacy and buying cold medicine could be cheaper, but people are accustomed to going to the doctor.

 

Some doctors offer appointments but many do not. Being able to stop at the doctor’s whenever you want is tremendously convenient, but spending three hours for a three-minute visit with the doctor is not. Timing your visit is important. Many larger hospitals with specialists attract an older crowd. Go in the morning, with or without an appointment, and the wait can be endless. Go in the afternoon, with or without an appointment and you can see a specialist, pay, get your prescription, pick up your medication at the pharmacy in the same building, and be on your way in an hour if all goes well.

 

At smaller doctor’s offices, especially those that see many children, the mornings can be very busy, but when there are no colds going around the offices can be empty. If you go in on a busy morning, you may have a long wait. Doctor’s offices are usually open in the morning, close for lunch, and then open again in the early afternoon. If you go in the morning and the doctor’s office is crowded, you can often write your name down for the afternoon slot and be seen quickly if you arrive first thing in the afternoon. Another way to be seen quickly is to go early in the morning before the doctor opens, go in the office, and write your name on the list. Yes, the office is open even though nobody is there. Know the system and act to avoid waiting for hours and hours.

 

Over the years the number of pharmacies selling prescription medicine has ballooned. The government has encouraged this direction to discourage doctors from over prescribing medicines, resulting in a pharmacy next to or across the street from many doctor’s offices. Each small pharmacy, primarily serving the patients of the doctor next door or across the street, usually has between two and four people working in the pharmacy at any one time.

 

Japanese, like Americans and other Westerners, believe in hand washing to prevent colds, but there are at least four major differences: masks, gargling, carrying on to show their fighting spirit and not burdening others, and IV (intravenous) cocktails. In Japan, people frequently wear surgical masks due to colds. Some of them are wearing masks to protect themselves against the germs that give them colds, while others have colds and are wearing masks so they don’t give their colds to others. Unrelated to colds, many people with allergies wear masks to protect themselves from allergens. The masks may or may not be effective and the placebo effect may or may not work. Regardless, a Hello Kitty surgical mask on a small child is a sight that one will remember for a long time. 

 

Japanese also swear by gargling to prevent colds and to get better quickly when you do have a cold. Some doctors argue that gargling with water is useless, but gargling with green tea protects people from colds. Whenever anything is health related, the green tea lobby is always nearby to promote the real or imaginary health benefits. People in Japan who have colds are not entitled to time off. They must go to work or school, carrying on to show their fighting spirit and not burdening others.

 

Nobody discourages sick people from going to work or school and little attention is paid to the colds they spread. With chicken pox or measles, of course, people do stay home. Schools actually keep track of the number of days students miss; students who are not absent for an entire year are commended. Some students even go to junior high for three years without missing a single day and receive an award. Some of the students who go to school with raging fevers may be after such awards.

 

The last of the four major differences I will discuss here is the IV cocktail, full of all sorts of nutrients and other wonderful things, guaranteed to speed your recovery. Catch a cold, see the doctor, and get an IV. That will get you through the day. Some doctors don’t always offers IVs to people with colds, but if you really want one, just ask the doctor. The doctor will usually oblige.



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Posted by: admin  :  Category: Law
pharmacy schools
Joseph Potashnik asked:


Picture this: you’re a health care provider. Your business largely depends on Medicaid billing. In fact, Medicaid pays your bills. Your business is booming and then one day you get a letter or a call from The Office of Medicaid Management or an Attorney General’s Office. They tell you they investigate certain claims made by your office. They ask you for your billing records and your mood suddenly is not the same it was 5 minutes ago. Assuming the investigators have reasons not be impressed with your Medicaid billing practices, you will need a lot of hope and maybe some serious help because serious trouble is probably on the way.

New York’s Medicaid program has been funded more than 40 years ago and what it presently is may be defined as a cash cow or a “honey jar” that attracts all kinds of money-loving bees. New York Medicaid enrolls millions of people and spends over $40 billion a year for everything from medical care to transportation to adult daycare to paying for shoes, diapers, etc. Because may Medicaid programs were so easy to exploit, New York Medicaid fraud became quite rampant and uncontrollable. It became an industry in itself and fortunes were made on Medicaid Fraud.

There are several ways in which Medicaid Fraud can occur. The most popular method of Medicaid fraud with which defense attorneys routinely deal is billing for services that were not provided. In fact, some providers manage to bill millions of dollars in fees for services they have never performed. The next forerunner is double billing (billing Medicaid after private insurance and/or the recipient have already paid for services). Unnecessary procedures and appointments billed to Medicaid are popular, too.

Many providers find themselves in hot water because they have unlicensed personnel perform services that may only be provided by licensed persons as per Medicaid regulations and bill Medicaid as if the professional do the work. Health care providers routinely overcharge Medicaid by inflating time they actually spend on providing their services.

On occasions, providers engage in fees sharing with other provider. This means referring patients to other offices that bill Medicaid and share the reimbursement paid by the Medicaid program.

Among New York Medicaid Providers involved with New York Medicaid Fraud are medical and dental offices, “ambulette” transportation companies, hospitals, nursing homes, pharmacies, school districts officials, and even retailers.

New York Medicaid Fraud cases may be investigated by the Office of Medicaid Management, the Office of the Attorney General, the local law enforcement, or even federal investigators. Because the problem has gotten out of hands lately, Attorney General Cuomo and the local district attorneys are really cracking down on New York Medicaid Fraud. According to the April 30, 2008 Attorney General Office’s report, New York had recover $112,5 millions in Medicaid fraud recoveries in 2007.

The latest in the string of New York Medicaid Fraud indictments is the prosecution of B&H Health Care Services, Inc., (Nursing Personnel Home Care), a Licensed Home Care Service Agency and half a dozen of its shareholders and managers who managed to bill over $30 million in Medicaid fees.

Providers accused of New York Medicaid Fraud face various fraud-related charges as well as civil suites claiming damages. In the case of B&H Health Care Services, for example, the indictment contains charges of Grand Larceny in the First Degree (a Class B felony that carries a mandatory minimum sentence of 1 year and a maximum sentence of 25 years’ imprisonment) and charges of Offering a False Instrument for Filing in the First Degree (a Class E felony that carries a maximum sentence of 4 years’ imprisonment.) The civil suite filed by the state demands treble damages of $90 million.

If it is a federal investigation, charges and potential consequences, both criminal and financial, could be even more severe.

So, let’s go back to the beginning. You get that letter or a phone call. Your next steps are limited to telling the investigators to disappear from your life, telling them all they want to hear, or telling them that your lawyer will contact them for you. Let me end with a banality: if you are accused or investigated for Medicaid Fraud, it is not the time to do it yourself.



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Posted by: admin  :  Category: Careers
pharmacy schools
Scott Knutson asked:


A pharmacy technician is a pharmacy staff member who works under the direct supervision of a licensed pharmacist and performs many pharmacy-related functions. Some of the job duties include providing medication and other health care products to patients, performing routine tasks associated with preparing prescribed medication and many do the manual labor component of providing drugs to patients.

In the past, most pharmacy technicians had only on-the-job training but today, many employers favor those who have completed a formal training and certification process. The Pharmacy Technician Certification Board oversees the certification process and those pharmacy technician wannabes that earn certification receive the professional title Certified Pharmacy Technician or CPHT follow their name. This type of training program is usually offered by the military, some hospitals, proprietary schools, vocational or technical colleges, and community colleges. Even as little as 4 or 5 years ago there were no US federal (and few state) laws making it mandatory for pharmacy technicians to meet this qualifying standard. However, some non-federal jurisdictions do require licensing such as the state of Virginia.

In the United Kingdom and many other countries, there are accredited programs which pharmacy technicians must complete. In the UK this is composed of an on the job qualification, known as an NVQ level 3 and a theory based qualification (BTEC) usually completed on day-release at college or by correspondence course. Within the next few years (probably around 2008) “pharmacy technician” will become a protected job title in the UK and only those with both qualifications will be allowed to use this title by law.

According to a United States Department of Labor report a few years ago, about two-thirds of pharmacy technicians worked in retail pharmacies, both independently owned or part of a drugstore, grocery store or mass retailer chain. Another 22% were employed in hospitals, while a small portion worked in mail-order or Internet pharmacies, clinics, pharmaceutical wholesalers, or for the Federal Government. The balance in the UK is of a similar.

Responsibilities of a pharmacy technician differ depending on location. Although virtually all report directly the supervising pharmacist, in some operations, they may also have some supervisory responsibilities themselves by managing assistants and / or pharmacy aides. Other responsibilities include answering telephone calls, handling money, stocking shelves and computer data entry.

Pharmacy technicians who work in hospitals, nursing homes or assisted-living-type facilities may have additional responsibilities like reading patient charts in conjunction with prescriptions. After approval from the attending physician or pharmacist they would then deliver the medicine to a nurse, who in turn, administers it to the patient.

Pharmacy technicians may also be responsible for managing robotic organizational systems that stock and organize 24-hour supplies of medicine for every patient in a health care facility. They may also package and label each dose of medication separately, either by hand or with packaging machines. These packages are then coordinated with a computer using bar codes and make it possible to automate pharmacy-side drug delivery: a package labeled by name, dose and expiration is cataloged in a computer, before being placed on a shelf controlled by a robotic arm until it’s needed by a patient. Some robotic systems can even dispense medications for individual patients. These individual containers are then organized and delivered by a pharmacy technician.

The role of the technician is likely to increase in the next few years, due to aging population and as more pressures is put on pharmacists to spend more time consulting and advising patients, rather than to simply dispense prescriptions.

If the allure of a pharmacy technician career appeals to you, check out the links below.



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